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Thomas George "Tom" Hooper (born 5 October 1972)〔''Births, Marriages & Deaths Index of England & Wales, 1916–2005''. 5d: 2485.〕 is a British film and television director of English and Australian background. Hooper began making short films at the age of 13, and had his first professional short, ''Painted Faces'', broadcast on Channel 4 in 1992. At Oxford University Hooper directed plays and television commercials. After graduating, he directed episodes of ''Quayside'', ''Byker Grove'', ''EastEnders'' and ''Cold Feet''. Into the 2000s, Hooper directed the major BBC costume dramas ''Love in a Cold Climate'' (2001) and ''Daniel Deronda'' (2002), and was selected to helm the 2003 revival of ITV's ''Prime Suspect'' series, starring Helen Mirren. Hooper made his feature film debut with ''Red Dust'' (2004), a British drama starring Hilary Swank and Chiwetel Ejiofor, before directing Helen Mirren again in the Company Pictures/HBO Films historical drama ''Elizabeth I'' (2005). He continued working for HBO on the television film ''Longford'' (2006) and in ''John Adams'' (2008), a seven-part serial on the life of the American president. Hooper returned to features with ''The Damned United'' (2009), a fact-based film about the English football manager Brian Clough (played by Michael Sheen). The following year saw the release of the historical drama ''The King's Speech'' (2010), starring Colin Firth and Geoffrey Rush, which was met with critical acclaim. Hooper's next film was ''Les Misérables'' (2012), which featured an all-star cast led by Hugh Jackman and Russell Crowe. Hooper's work was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for ''Prime Suspect'' and ''John Adams'', won one for ''Elizabeth I'', and was nominated for the British Academy (BAFTA) TV Craft Award for Best Director for ''Longford''. ''The King's Speech'' won multiple awards, including Best Director wins for Hooper from the Directors Guild of America and the Academy Awards, and a Best Director nomination from BAFTA. == Early life == Tom Hooper was born in 1972 in London, England, the son of Meredith Jean (Rooney) and Richard Hooper.〔〔http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3445400038.html〕 Meredith was an Australian author and academic and Richard was an English media businessman. Hooper was educated at Highgate School and Westminster School.〔 His initial interest in drama was triggered by his English and drama teacher at Highgate, former Royal Shakespeare Company actor Roger Mortimer, who produced an annual school play.〔Hulse, Tim (6 April 2011). "(What I've Learned: Tom Hooper )". babusinesslife.com (Business Life). URL retrieved on 16 July 2011 ((archived ) by WebCite on 20 August 2011).〕 At the age of 12, Hooper read a book entitled ''How to Make Film and Television'' and decided he wanted to become a director.〔〔 For the next year Hooper researched filmmaking from publications such as ''On Camera'' by Harris Watts.〔 Aged 13, he made his first film, entitled ''Runaway Dog'', using a clockwork 16mm Bolex camera his uncle had given to him.〔 Hooper said: "The clockwork would run out after thirty seconds, so the maximum shot length was thirty seconds. I could only afford a hundred feet of Kodachrome reversal film, which cost about twenty-five (), and you had to send off for two weeks to be processed. I could only make silent movies, because sound was too expensive and complicated."〔Simmons, Alan (24 January 2011). "(Tom Hooper On Done In 60 Seconds, The King’s Speech And James Bond )". FilmShaft. URL retrieved on 24 January 2011 ((archived ) by WebCite on 24 January 2011).〕 He slowed down the frame rate of the camera so he could maximise what little film stock he had.〔 Hooper classified the short, about a dog which kept running away from its owner, as a comedy, and filmed it on location in Oxfordshire.〔Fendelman, Adam (24 January 2011). "Interview: 'The King's Speech' Director Tom Hooper on Colin Firth's Masterful Stutter". HollywoodChicago.com. URL retrieved on 25 January 2011 ((archived ) by WebCite on 25 January 2011).〕 When Hooper was 14, his film ''Bomber Jacket'' came runner-up in a BBC younger filmmakers' competition.〔 The short starred Hooper's brother as a boy who discovers a bomber jacket and a photograph hidden in a cupboard and learns his grandfather died in World War II.〔Gritten, David (24 December 2010). "(King who came from nowhere )". ''The Daily Telegraph'' (Telegraph Media Group): p. 20. URL retrieved 2 March 2011.〕 Another of Hooper's short films, entitled ''Countryside'', depicts a nuclear holocaust.〔 Hooper finished school aged 16, then wrote the script for his first professional short film, entitled ''Painted Faces''. He spent the next two years raising capital for the short by courting advertisement directors, whose financial dominance during the late 1980s was noticed by Hooper. Director Paul Weiland invested in the short, which provided Hooper with the equipment he needed. After two years of financing and production, ''Painted Faces'' was completed. Hooper wrote, produced, directed and edited it.〔 It was sold to Channel 4 and broadcast on the channel's ''First Frame'' strand in 1992, had a screening at the 35th London Film Festival and had a limited theatrical release.〔Brown, Maggie (16 October 2006). "(Prime candidate )". ''The Guardian'' (Guardian News & Media): p. 6 (''MediaGuardian'' supplement). URL retrieved 25 January 2008.〕〔 After taking a gap year to finance ''Painted Faces'', Hooper read English at University College, Oxford.〔〔Harlow, John (16 March 2008). "(Briton Tom Hooper in charge of the TV war of independence )". ''The Sunday Times'' (Times Newspapers): p. 1 (''Business'' section). URL retrieved 14 December 2010.〕 He joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society, where he directed Kate Beckinsale in ''A View From the Bridge'' and Emily Mortimer in ''The Trial''. Hooper also had his first paid directing work, earning £200 for a corporate Christmas video, and he directed his first television advertisements, including one for Sega featuring Right Said Fred.〔〔Burrell, Ian (26 February 2009). "(Tackling Old Big 'Ead )". ''The Independent'' (Independent News & Media): p. 14. URL retrieved 10 October 2010.〕 He continues to direct advertisements alongside television and film projects. In 1996 he joined the commercial production company John S. Clarke Productions and in 2001 he signed with Infinity Productions.〔Staff (3 May 1996). "John S. Clarke productions signs 23-year-old Hooper and doubles its directors". ''Campaign'' (Haymarket Business Publications): p. 41.〕〔Darby, Ian (18 May 2001). "(Mark Stothert quits John S Clarke to run Infinity Productions )". ''Campaign'' (Haymarket Media). URL retrieved 18 June 2011.〕 == Career == === BBC and ITV productions === After graduating from Oxford, Hooper directed further television commercials, intending to break into the film industry the same way Ridley Scott, Tony Scott and Hugh Hudson did.〔〔Johnson, Richard (21 June 2009). "(In cash-strapped times British film-makers refuse to take a back seat. They're used to making a drama out of a crisis )". ''The Sunday Times'' (Times Newspapers): pp. 50–52. URL retrieved 26 June 2011.〕 He was introduced by his father to the television producer Matthew Robinson, who mentored Hooper and gave him his first television directing work.〔〔 For Robinson, Hooper directed episodes of the short-lived Tyne Tees Television soap opera ''Quayside'' in 1997, four episodes of the Children's BBC television series ''Byker Grove'' in the same year, and his first episodes of the BBC One soap opera ''EastEnders'' in 1998.〔〔"(Tom Hooper filmography )". British Film Institute. URL retrieved on 1 January 2010.〕 Hooper directed several ''EastEnders'' episodes between 1998 and 2000, two of which were hour-long specials that represented the soap when it won the British Academy Television Award for Best Soap Opera in 2000 and 2001;〔 the first was the episode in which Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) learns her daughter Bianca (Patsy Palmer) had an affair with her fiancé Dan Sullivan (Craig Fairbrass). The Jackson episode marked the beginning of a week of episodes that lead to Palmer's departure from the soap, and Robinson had hired Hooper to direct the key episodes of that storyline.〔Ellie (30 March 2010). "(Spotlight: Matthew Robinson (Part 1) )". Walford Web. URL retrieved on 3 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 Hooper worked 10-hour days on ''EastEnders'', and learned to direct with speed.〔 He was influenced in his early career by the cinematic style of American TV series such as ''ER'', ''NYPD Blue'' and ''Homicide: Life on the Street'' and tried to work that style into his ''EastEnders'' episodes; one scene featuring Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) involved a crane shot, which Hooper believes made him infamous among the ''EastEnders'' production crew.〔Hooper, Tom. (Radio interview with Sarah Montague ). ''Today''. BBC Radio 4. 13 March 2009. Event occurs at 00:03:10–00:05:56. URL retrieved on 10 October 2010.〕 In 1999, Hooper directed two episodes of Granada Television's comedy-drama television series ''Cold Feet'', which marked his move to bigger-budget productions.〔Halper, Jenny (24 September 2009). "(AWFJ Women On Film – Tom Hooper On "The Damned United" – Jenny Halper interviews )". Alliance of Women Film Journalists. URL retrieved on 24 September 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 There was initially concern at Granada that Hooper might be an unsuitable director for the series given his background in drama.〔 In 2000, Hooper directed his first of two costume dramas for the BBC; ''Love in a Cold Climate'' was based on Nancy Mitford's novels ''The Pursuit of Love'' and ''Love in a Cold Climate''. Hooper, the writer Deborah Moggach, and the producer Kate Harwood researched the period details of the production by interviewing Nancy's sister Deborah.〔Moggach, Deborah (20 June 2000). "Playing bit parts in my own dramas". ''The Times'' (Times Newspapers): p. 9 (''Times2'' supplement).〕 In 2002, Hooper directed ''Daniel Deronda'', adapted from George Eliot's novel. Filming ran for 11 weeks from May to August on locations in England, Scotland and Malta.〔Bamigboye, Baz (31 May 2002). "Gretna's wedding TV curse". ''Daily Mail'' (Associated Newspapers): p. 52.〕 Hooper said of the production, "The thing I like about this tale is that it's not at all your conventional costume drama; it's far more complex and looks at aspects of love, loss and religion."〔Bamigboye, Baz (1 November 2002). "A driving force under the bonnet". ''Daily Mail'' (Associated Newspapers): p. 50.〕 ''The Guardian''s Mark Lawson said of Hooper's two costume dramas, "he brought verve and intelligence to television's most conservative form".〔Lawson, Mark (8 February 2003). "Getting real". ''The Guardian'' (Guardian News & Media): p. 21 (''Weekend'' supplement).〕 Hooper returned to Granada the next year to direct the revival of ''Prime Suspect'', entitled ''The Last Witness''. The two-part serial was the first ''Prime Suspect'' instalment to be made since 1995, when star Helen Mirren quit. Hooper initially declined to direct the production because he believed the series was tired. Granada's head of drama Andy Harries introduced Hooper to Mirren, who persuaded him to take the job by promising that he could make the serial his own way.〔〔 The two-part serial was broadcast on the ITV network in November 2003. Hooper's direction received praise from Andrew Billen in the ''New Statesman'': "Tom Hooper proved an outstanding director, imposing a bleak, overlit hyper-realism on the search for a killer in a hospital, isolating Mirren in rows of empty chairs and playing on the eyewitness/optical visual metaphors."〔Billen, Andrew (15/30 December 2003). "The ratings war". ''New Statesman'': p. 104.〕 The serial was also broadcast on PBS in the United States. Hooper received nominations for the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Serial and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special for his work on ''Prime Suspect''.〔"(Television nominations 2003 )". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. URL retrieved on 3 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕〔"(Outstanding Director For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Dramatic Special )". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. URL retrieved 28 February 2011 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 === Film debut and HBO works === Hooper made his debut as a feature film director with the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission drama ''Red Dust'' (2004), which stars Hilary Swank, Chiwetel Ejiofor and Jamie Bartlett. The film was not widely seen, which Hooper attributed to media coverage of torture during the Iraq War: "When I started making it you could watch the movie with a wonderful sense of 'we'd never do it in our own country…they're the horrible people but it's not us.' By the time the film came out (there were) these revelations that the Americans were torturing, the British were torturing. The film became a lot more uncomfortable for the very audiences it was designed to target. I have learned that sadly the theatrical audience does not run to see films that are openly issue led."〔 The premiere of the film in the United Kingdom came on BBC Two in 2005, making it eligible for the BAFTA Television Awards; it was nominated in the Best Single Drama category at the 2006 ceremony.〔"(Television nominations 2005 )". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. URL retrieved on 3 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 In 2005, Hooper was asked by Helen Mirren to direct the Company Pictures/HBO Films two-part serial ''Elizabeth I'', in which she was starring.〔Mirren, Helen (2007) ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson: p. 218. ISBN 0-297-85197-7.〕 The serial won Hooper his first Emmy Award, for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special.〔 In January 2006, Hooper commenced filming the Granada/HBO television film ''Longford''.〔Bamigboye, Baz (11 November 2005) "How the lord saw good in Myra Hindley". ''Daily Mail'' (Associated Newspapers): p. 54〕 The film dramatises the failed efforts of Lord Longford (played by Jim Broadbent) to secure the release from prison of Moors murderer Myra Hindley (played by Samantha Morton). Hooper first met with the writer Peter Morgan about the production in 2005 and the film was broadcast on Channel 4 in October 2006.〔Hooper, Tom (26 October 2006). "Cold hearts". ''Daily Mail'' (Associated Newspapers): p. 20.〕 Seb Morton-Clark for the ''Financial Times'' called ''Longford'' one of the most accomplished television dramas of 2006, and praised the writer and director: "Morgan and director Tom Hooper wove a seamless narrative about obsession – and not just that of the misguided philanthropist for the incarcerated Hindley or even that that existed between the sadistic lovers themselves. More significantly, by using chunks of original television footage, they painted a stark picture of the zealotry of a vengeful nation and its press over the supposed embodiment of evil."〔Morton-Clark, Seb (28 October 2006). "Marooned on planet mediocre". ''Financial Times'' (The Financial Times): p. 13.〕 Hooper's continued successes led him to be ranked at number four in the Directors category of ''Broadcast'' magazine's annual Hot 100.〔Adams, Vernon (24 November 2006). "Hot 100 – directors". ''Broadcast'' (Emap Media).〕 The following year he was nominated for the British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Director for ''Longford''.〔"(Craft Winners in 2007 )". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. 27 September 2007. URL retrieved on 3 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 ''Elizabeth I'' and ''Longford'' led directly to Hooper being selected by Tom Hanks to direct the epic miniseries ''John Adams'' for Playtone and HBO. Hooper had been working on a biographical film with Joan Didion about Katharine Graham, publisher of ''The Washington Post'', since 2006 when he was asked by Hanks to helm the programme.〔Argetsinger, Amy; Roxanne Roberts (10 March 2008). "(Graham Biopic Back on Track )". ''The Washington Post'' (The Washington Post Company): p. C3. URL retrieved 10 October 2010.〕 The miniseries, starring Paul Giamatti as John Adams, was based on David McCullough's Adams biography and was Hooper's first wholly American production.〔Hooper, Tom. (Television interview with Greg Dyke )". ''The Culture Show'': Series 5, Episode 22. BBC Two. 3 February 2009. Event occurs at 01:54. URL retrieved 10 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 9 February 2011).〕 He was surprised to learn that the American Revolutionary War was not a well-documented period in film and television; Abigail Adams actress Laura Linney told him that, for her generation, the musical ''1776'' was the most well-known depiction of the era.〔Smith, Liz (27 February 2007). "(Adams family heads to HBO )". ''New York Post'' (''Page Six'' supplement). URL retrieved on 7 October 2010.〕 He worked on the miniseries for a total of 16 months; principal photography lasted 110 days on locations in the United States, France, England and Hungary and he controlled a $100 million budget.〔Mitchell, Wendy (25 July 2008). "(Profile:UK director Tom Hooper )". ScreenDaily.com (Emap Media). Retrieved on 4 December 2010.〕 ''The Boston Globe''s Matthew Gilbert complimented Hooper's style of direction in the first two episodes "Join or Die" and "Independence": Director Tom Hooper lets his actors shine, as he did so marvelously in Helen Mirren's ''Elizabeth I'' and the child-killer drama ''Longford'', but he complements them, too, with this kind of immediate point of view. And when he does give us panoramic shots from afar – of the Adams farm in Braintree, for example – they're askew, to keep us out of the classroom mode. At the end of episode 2 () Hooper showcases all his directorial strength with one bold choice. When the long-fretting Congress finally decides to break with Britain, he refrains from using any visual or aural tweaks. Upon the announcement, "The resolution carries," the scene remains perfectly silent for one long moment. The terror of responsibility hangs heavily in the room, while a victorious soundtrack surely would have chased it away.〔Gilbert, Matthew (14 March 2008). "(Truly historic )". ''The Boston Globe'' (Globe Newspaper Company): p. D1. URL retrieved 10 October 2010.〕 ''John Adams'' received 23 Emmy Award nominations, including another Outstanding Direction nomination for Hooper, and won 13, the highest number for any nominee in a single year.〔Hooper, Tom (29 September 2008). "(Somewhere, John Adams is smiling )". ''The Guardian'' (Guardian News & Media): p. 11 (''MediaGuardian'' supplement). URL retrieved 10 October 2010.〕 He was also nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement.〔Gans, Andrew (31 January 2009). "(Directors Guild of America Awards Presented 31 Jan. in Los Angeles )". Playbill.com (Playbill, Inc). Retrieved 5 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 At the beginning of 2009, he was profiled for ''The Observer''s film Hotlist.〔Solomons, Jason (4 January 2009). "('My films seem to be about men's struggle with failure' )". ''The Observer'' (Guardian News & Media): p. 7 (''Observer Review'' supplement). URL retrieved 16 October 2010.〕 === Independent feature films === The wake of ''John Adams'' Work on Hooper's next film, ''The King's Speech'', began in the same year. Hooper explained: "It was a stage play, and my mother who's Australian was invited to a fringe () reading in London because she's part of the Australian community. The play's about the relationship between King George the Sixth and his Australian speech therapist. She came back and said 'you've got to read this play,' and I read it and it was brilliant ...".〔 Hooper cast Colin Firth as George VI and Geoffrey Rush as Lionel Logue and spent three weeks with the actors reading the script and rehearsing.〔Kung, Michelle (6 November 2010). "(AFI Fest Honors 'The King's Speech' Collaborators Colin Firth, Geoffrey Rush and Tom Hooper )". Speakeasy (WSJ.com). URL retrieved on 7 November 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 Principal photography took place on location around the UK from November 2009 to January 2010.〔"(The King's Speech )". Screenbase (Emap). URL retrieved on 4 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 During editing, Hooper continued to consult with Firth and Rush by sending them cuts of the film and listening to their feedback.〔 Hooper completed the final cut of the film at the end of August 2010 and presented it a few days later at the Telluride Film Festival.〔Hoyle, Ben (9 September 2010). "Story of the King who was lost for words is an Oscar favourite". ''The Times'' (Times Newspapers): p. 23.〕 The film won the People's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival and Hooper won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures.〔"(Firth movie lands Toronto Film Festival prize )". BBC News website. 20 September 2010. URL retrieved on 5 October 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕〔McNary, Dave (29 January 2011). "('The King's Speech' tops DGA Awards )". Variety.com (Reed Business Information). URL retrieved on 30 January 2011 ((archived ) by WebCite on 30 January 2011).〕 In February 2011, he was presented with the Academy Award for Best Director, though lost the BAFTA Award for Best Direction to David Fincher.〔"(Winners and Nominees for the 83rd Academy Awards )". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. URL retrieved on 11 June 2011 ((archived ) by WebCite on 11 June 2011).〕〔 In comparing the two films, ''Variety''s Adam Dawtrey wrote, "Hooper's 2009 film ''The Damned United'' didn't register among awards selectors, but ''King's Speech'' is a much more personal project. His Anglo-Australian parentage reflects the culture clash at the heart of the movie, and it pays off with beautifully crafted, crowd-pleasing drama."〔Dawtrey, Adam (28 November 2010). "(BIFA contenders a study in diversity )". Variety.com (Reed Business Information). URL retrieved on 28 November 2010 ((archived ) by WebCite on 3 January 2011).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tom Hooper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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